The earth s largest deserts are polar deserts

The Earth’s Largest Deserts Are Polar Deserts

Polar deserts, fascinating landscapes of extreme cold and barrenness, hold the title for the Earth’s largest deserts. Although they may not evoke the traditional image of a desert with their icy and frigid environment, polar deserts are defined by their scarce precipitation and low humidity levels.

The two largest deserts on Earth are both polar deserts. The Antarctic Desert, covering the entire continent of Antarctica, is the largest desert by area, while the Arctic Polar Desert, situated around the North Pole, takes second place. These deserts exhibit unique features and are replete with geological wonders.

The Antarctic Desert

Antarctica, the southernmost continent on the planet, is an icon of extreme natural conditions. It is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, making it the epitome of a polar desert. The continent is enveloped by a thick ice sheet, which contains approximately 90% of the world’s ice and 70% of its fresh water.

An astounding fact about the Antarctic Desert is that it receives an average annual precipitation of only 8 inches. This level of precipitation, mostly in the form of snow, is significantly lower than that of many hot deserts. The unique climate, combined with freezing temperatures that can drop to below -130 degrees Fahrenheit (-89.2 degrees Celsius), creates an environment devoid of liquid water and scarce flora and fauna.

Despite the inhospitable conditions, Antarctica boasts mesmerizing landscapes and geological features. The Transantarctic Mountain Range, stretching across the continent, showcases rugged peaks and dramatic glacial valleys. The McMurdo Dry Valleys, one of the driest places on Earth, contain peculiar soil formations and lakes devoid of life. These geological wonders reveal the beauty hidden within the vastness of the Antarctic Desert.

The Arctic Polar Desert

Although less extensive in area compared to its southern counterpart, the Arctic Polar Desert is still among the Earth’s largest deserts. Situated around the North Pole, it spans across the Arctic Ocean and covers parts of Greenland, Canada, and Russia. Similar to the Antarctic Desert, it experiences extreme cold and low precipitation, predominantly in the form of snow.

The Arctic Polar Desert presents distinct challenges due to its frozen nature. The pervasive sea ice and permafrost, ground that remains frozen year-round, limit the growth of vegetation. However, small pockets of life manage to adapt and thrive in this bleak environment. Iconic Arctic flora, such as lichens, mosses, and dwarf shrubs, dot the landscape, providing essential resources for animals such as polar bears and Arctic foxes.

This polar desert also features unique geological formations. The Arctic Ocean, covered by ice during much of the year, offers stunning ice cliffs and colossal icebergs. The rugged mountains of Greenland captivate with their icy peaks and massive glaciers. These breathtaking natural phenomena remind us of the raw power and beauty of the Arctic Polar Desert.

In conclusion, the Earth’s largest deserts are polar deserts. The Antarctic Desert, with its harsh conditions and remarkable geological features, stands as the largest desert on the planet. The Arctic Polar Desert, although smaller, boasts its own captivating landscapes and supports the survival of resilient flora and fauna. Exploring these polar deserts illuminates the magnificence and diversity of our planet’s ecosystems.

Source: Geology.com.